UMnyango Wezamandla Negesi ushicilele uhlelo lohlaka lokuqeda imodeli kagesi yaseNingizimu Afrika ethenga ugesi oyedwa bese uyifaka esikhundleni sayo ngemakethe evulekile yokuncintisana: iMakethe Kagesi Ethengiswayo YaseNingizimu Afrika (i-SAWEM).
Nakuba ukuncintisana emakethe kuhlose ukuqeda ukubusa kwe-Eskom ekukhiqizeni kanye nokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese, inqubomgomo eyisisekelo yethula izinguquko eziyisisekelo ezithinta ngqo izikweletu zakho zanyanga zonke zikagesi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese kwelanga:
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- Izindleko Ezingaguquki Ezidingekayo Zegridi Esophahleni: Le nqubomgomo ihlose ngokusobala abasebenzisi be-solar abaxhunywe kugridi kanye nabasebenzisi abangasebenzi kahle ngaphansi komgomo "wokulwa nokugibela mahhala", oshintsha izakhiwo zentela kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwevolumu (amayunithi asetshenziswayo) ziye ezimalini zokuxhuma eziqinile zanyanga zonke eziphezulu, ezingenakugwenywa.
- Ingozi "Yomkhokhi Wentela Othunjiwe": Abasebenzisi abakhulu bezimboni nabezentengiselwano abadlula imingcele ebekiwe (isb., i-1 MW) bazovunyelwa ukudlula amagridi kamasipala ukuze bathenge ugesi oshibhile ngqo kubahwebi abazimele. Imindeni evamile namabhizinisi amancane azohlala “ethunjiwe” kumagridi okusabalalisa kamasipala, ebeka engcupheni intela ephezulu yokumboza ukuntuleka kwemali engenayo kamasipala kanye nezibonelelo zefa.
- Ukuguquguquka Kwentengo Ethengiswayo kanye Namandla Emakethe: Njengoba i-Eskom Generation isalokhu ingumkhiqizi ovelele, izingozi zamandla emakethe, ukuguqulwa kwamanani, kanye nokuqagela kokuhweba kungaholela ekuguqukeni kwentela yokuthengisa uma izivikelo zomthetho zinganele.
- Ukuhlela kabusha i-Distribution Value Chain: Abasabalalisi bakamasipala nabakwa-Eskom kumele bahlukanise igridi ebonakalayo (“izintambo”) ekuthengisweni kukagesi (“ukuthengisa/ukuhweba”), bethule izimali ezihlukile zokulethwa kwegridi kanye namayunithi kagesi.
chofoza isixhumanisi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, noma skrolela phansi ukuze ubeke izwi lakho
Umi Kuphi?
🟢 Ukusekela: Ukuncintisana emakethe, ukuhlukanisa i-Eskom, kanye nokuhweba ngobuningi okuvulekile kubalulekile ekuxazululeni inkinga yamandla eNingizimu Afrika kanye nokuheha imali yangasese.
🔴 Inhloso: Izindleko zelanga eziqinile eziphoqelekile, ukwenyuka kwentengo yabathengi okubambekile, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwemali engenayo kamasipala kuzolimaza imindeni evamile namabhizinisi amancane.
🟡 Ukusekelwa Ngezichibiyelo: Ukuguqulwa kwemakethe ngobuningi kufanele kuqhubeke kuphela uma kubekwa imikhawulo eqinile ezimalini zenethiwekhi ezihleliwe, abakhokhi bentela abathintekayo bevikelwe, futhi izinsizakalo zomasipala eziwela ngaphesheya ziyavikelwa.
Veza izwi lakho - lolonga iphepha.
Izinkinga eziphezulu
Lokho Okuhlongozwa Yinqubomgomo:
Iphepha lemibono lisungula isimiso "sokukhuza ukugibela ngokukhululeka," liphikisana ngokuthi amanethiwekhi kagesi anamuhla anezindleko eziphezulu zengqalasizinda ezizinzile kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlaka, amanani entela azosuka ezindlekweni zokusetshenziswa kwevolumu kuphela (amasenti nge-kilowatt-hora) aye ku- umthamo oqinile oyimpoqo kanye nezindleko zenethiwekhi kubo bonke amakhasimende axhunywe kugridi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenzisa ugesi omncane kangakanani. Abathengi abanqamula ngokuphelele kugridi kazwelonke kuphela abazokhululwa kulezi zimali ezinqunyelwe.
Ingozi Eyisisekelo:
Imindeni namabhizinisi amancane atshale imali enkulu yangasese ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla elanga ophahleni, amabhethri, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla ukuze azivikele ekucinyweni komthwalo azophoqeleka ukukhokha imali ephezulu yokuxhumanisa isisekelo njalo ngenyanga. Lokhu kushintsha kwesakhiwo kusebenza njengesijeziso sezimali ekususeni igesi eyingozi emzimbeni, kwandise izikhathi zokukhokha amandla elanga kanye nokwandisa izikweletu zikagesi kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa amandla amancane nabangasebenzisi imali eningi.
Amaphuzu Okudingeka Ekuthumeleni Kwakho Obala:
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- Funa ukuthi i-NERSA ibeke imikhawulo eqinile yezomthetho ezindleleni zenethiwekhi ezizinzile kanye nezindleko zamandla ukuvimbela izikhungo zemisebenzi ukuthi zingajezisi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuvuselelekayo kwangasese.
- Phikelela kumodeli wentela osezingeni eliphezulu onikeza abanikazi belanga abaxhumene negridi ukuze bafake amandla emini, banciphise izindleko zenethiwekhi ezihleliwe esikhundleni sokufaka intela yokutholakala okulinganayo.
- Kudingeka ukuhlolwa komthelela kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho okuzimele kokuthi izimali ezihleliwe zanyanga zonke zithinta kanjani imindeni engenayo ephansi kanye neyonga amandla.
Lokho Okuhlongozwa Yinqubomgomo:
Le nqubomgomo yethula isakhiwo semakethe esikabili esihlukanisa abathengi “Amakhasimende Afanelekayo” kanye “Namakhasimende Athunjiwe.” Abathengi abakhulu bezentengiselwano kanye nezimboni kuphela abadlula umkhawulo wesidingo ocacisiwe (isib., 1 MW) abazoba nelungelo elisemthethweni lokuthenga ngqo emakethe evulekile noma inkontileka nabahwebi abazimele. Yonke imizi yokuhlala kanye nezinhlangano ezincane zezentengiselwano zizohlala “zithunjiwe” emananini okuthengisa omasipala noma e-Eskom akhona.
Ingozi Eyisisekelo:
Ukuvumela abasebenzisi bakagesi abakhulu nabakhokhela kakhulu ukuthi baphume ekuhlinzekweni kukamasipala kudala umnotho wamandla onezigaba ezimbili. Njengoba abasebenzisi abaningi bethuthela ezinkontilekeni zangasese ezincintisanayo, izindleko eziqinile zokugcina amanethiwekhi kamasipala akudala kanye nengqalasizinda kahulumeni zizogxila emakhaya ahlala abantu ababoshiwe, okuzokhuphula intela ejwayelekile yokuthengisa.
Amaphuzu Okudingeka Ekuthumeleni Kwakho Obala:
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- Funa umhlahlandlela woshintsho obophezelayo noshicilelwe onciphisa kancane kancane umkhawulo wokufaneleka, uqinisekise ukuthi ukukhetha kwemakethe yokuthengisa kwandiswa emakhaya avamile kanye nama-SMME kunokuba kuhlale kuyilungelo lenkampani elikhethekile.
- Kudingeka i-NERSA ukuthi isebenzise izilinganiso eziphoqelekile zentela-ukulingana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intela yamakhasimende eyimfihlo ayidluli amanani okulinganisa okulethwa ngobuningi kanye nokusebenza kahle.
- Phikisana nanoma iyiphi indlela esebenzisa intela yemindeni ebambekile ukuze kubuyiselwe izindleko ezilahlekile noma amaphrimiyamu enkontileka yesikhathi esidlule angancintisani.
Lokho Okuhlongozwa Yinqubomgomo:
I-Eskom Generation izobamba iqhaza kwi-South African Wholesale Electricity Market (SAWEM) njengenhlangano yezentengiselwano ehlukene ngokomthetho encintisana nabakhiqizi bamandla abazimele (ama-IPP). Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla emakethe—njengokugodla kwezomnotho (ukubhida ngamanani akhushulwe ngokwenziwa) noma ukugodla ngokomzimba (ukunciphisa ukunikezwa ukuze kuphoqelelwe ukunyuka kwentengo)—le nqubomgomo incike “ezinkontilekeni zokunikezela zesikhashana,” ukuqapha ukubhida kwe-NERSA, kanye ne-Market Surveillance Unit (MSU).
Ingozi Eyisisekelo:
Ngenxa yokuthi i-Eskom Generation iyaqhubeka nokulawula iningi lamandla okukhiqiza umthwalo wesisekelo kazwelonke, ukuqapha imakethe kukodwa kungase kungabi ngokwanele ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwamanani. Ezimakethe ezingaphandle kwemingcele emhlabeni wonke, abakhiqizi abaphambili kanye namadeski okuhweba aqagelayo basebenzise imithetho yokuthumela ukuze bakhuphule amanani okuhlanza ngokwenziwa, izindleko ezidluliselwa kubathengi abathengisayo ekugcineni.
Amaphuzu Okudingeka Ekuthumeleni Kwakho Obala:
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- Funa imikhawulo yokubhida ephoqelekile ebonisa izindleko kunoma iyiphi inhlangano yesizukulwane esisodwa elawula ngaphezu kwama-20% wamandla okuhambisa asebenzayo emakethe.
- Kudinga ukucaca okugcwele komphakathi kanye nokubika ngesikhathi sangempela kwedatha yokubhida emakethe yansuku zonke kanye neyangaphakathi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuqapha okuzimele komphakathi.
- Ukugunyaza izinhlawulo zezimali ezinzima neziphoqelelwa ngokomthetho kanye nokukhanselwa kwelayisensi kwabahlanganyeli abatholakale benecala lokubhida ngamabomu, ukugodla amandla, noma ukukhohlisa imakethe.
Lokho Okuhlongozwa Yinqubomgomo:
Iphepha lesikhundla liyalela ukuhlukanisa amabhizinisi okusabalalisa ugesi abe abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi abahlukene abalawulwayo (“izintambo”) kanye namabhizinisi okuhweba ngokuthengisa anelayisensi. Liphinde liqinisekise izidingo eziqinile zokuqapha (ukufaneleka kwesikweletu) zokuhlanganyela emakethe ngobuningi, ngenkathi livuma ukuthi abasabalalisi abaningi bakamasipala okwamanje bayehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziyisisekelo zokufaneleka kwezezimali.
Ingozi Eyisisekelo:
Omasipala bendawo bathembele kakhulu enzuzweni etholakala ngokuthengiswa kukagesi ngobuningi kumakhasimende ezimboni namabhizinisi ukuze kuxhaswe imindeni ehlwempu, ugesi oyisisekelo wamahhala (i-FBE), kanye nokulethwa kwezinsizakalo zikamasipala. Uma amakhasimende amakhulu edlula omasipala bendawo ukuze athenge kubahwebi abazimele, imali engenayo yokusabalalisa kamasipala ingawa, kusheshiswe ukwehluleka kohulumeni basekhaya futhi kube kubi kakhulu ukwehluleka kokulethwa kwezinsizakalo kuwo wonke amadolobha namadolobha.
Amaphuzu Okudingeka Ekuthumeleni Kwakho Obala:
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- Funa ukuthi uMnyango Wezamandla Nogesi, uMgcinimafa Kazwelonke, kanye ne-SALGA basungule iNational Municipal Transition Mechanism ebiyelwe ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzisi abakhulu bezentengiselwano bavunyelwe ukudlula ama-akhawunti okusabalalisa kamasipala.
- Kudingeke izinhlangano zokusabalalisa ugesi zikamasipala ukuthi zifake isabelomali sokulungisa inethiwekhi kuma-akhawunti azinikele ukuvimbela imali engenayo yentela ukuthi ingaphambukiselwa ezindlekweni zokuphatha zikamasipala ezijwayelekile.
- Funa uhlaka lwesisombululo esisobala sesikweletu sikagesi esikhulu sikamasipala esidala esingabajezisi abakhokhi bentela ngokukhushulwa kwentela yendawo.
Lokho Okuhlongozwa Yinqubomgomo:
I-National Transmission Company of South Africa (NTCSA) iqokelwe ukufeza imisebenzi emine ebalulekile, ehambisanayo: Umhlinzeki Wezinsizakalo Zenethiwekhi Yokudlulisa (TNSP), Umqhubi Wesistimu (SO), Umqhubi Wemakethe (MO), kanye ne-Central Purchasing Agency (CPA). Nakuba uMthetho Wokuchitshiyelwa Komthetho Kagesi uhlinzeka ngokushintshela kwayo ekubeni yinhlangano ezimele ngokuphelele zingakapheli iminyaka emihlanu, i-NTCSA izohlala iyinkampani engaphansi kwe-Eskom Holdings ekuqaleni.
Ingozi Eyisisekelo:
Ukwakha umphathi wemakethe (MO), isilawuli segridi (SO), umakhi wezintambo (TNSP), kanye nomnikazi wenkontileka yesikhathi esidlule (CPA) ngaphakathi kwenhlangano eyodwa yenkampani ephethwe yi-Eskom Holdings kudala ukungqubuzana okukhulu kwezintshisekelo. I-NTCSA ingabhekana nengcindezi yangaphakathi yokubeka phambili ukuthunyelwa kwe-Eskom Generation, ukuvikela izivumelwano ze-IPP zesikhathi esidlule, noma ukulibazisa ukuxhumeka kwegridi yomuntu wesithathu ngezindleko zabancintisani abazimele kanye nokukhetha kwabathengi.
Amaphuzu Okudingeka Ekuthumeleni Kwakho Obala:
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- Funa ukuthi isikhathi soguquko seminyaka emihlanu sokuzimela okugcwele ngokomthetho nokusebenza kwe-NTCSA kusuka ku-Eskom Holdings sifinyezwe kakhulu.
- Ukunikeza igunya lokuvikela ngokuqinile umthetho, ukuphathwa kwebhodi elizimele, kanye nokubalwa kwezimali okuhlukile phakathi kwe-Market Operator (MO) kanye ne-Central Purchasing Agency (CPA).
- Kudingeka indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga zokufinyelela igridi, ukwabiwa komugqa wokuxhumana, kanye nokulingana kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokulibaziseka komthetho.
Lokho Okuhlongozwa Yinqubomgomo:
Leli phepha liyaqaphela ukuthi ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi yokudlulisa kuyisithiyo esikhulu kumthamo wokukhiqiza okusha futhi liphakamisa ukuvumela ukutshalwa kwezimali komkhakha ozimele ngokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi okudlulisa azimele (i-ITPs) kanye nokwandiswa kwengqalasizinda ye-NTCSA. Ukuminyana kwegridi kuzophathwa esikhathini esifushane kusetshenziswa amasu "okuthumela kabusha" kanye nezindlela zokunciphisa amanani.
Ingozi Eyisisekelo:
Umthamo wegridi eNyakatho, eMpumalanga, naseNtshonalanga Kapa ocebile ngezinsizakusebenza usuvele uzibophezele ngokugcwele, uvimbela ama-gigawatts wamandla avuselelekayo angasese ashibhile ukuthi angene ku-inthanethi. Ngaphandle kohlaka olucacile, olukwaziyo ukugcinwa, nolusheshayo lokulawula ukutshalwa kwezimali zokudlulisela ezizimele (ama-ITP), izithiyo zokudlulisela zizoqhubeka iminyaka eminingi, okubangela izindleko zokuminyana kwemakethe kanye nezimali zokulinganisela eziphezulu ukuthi zidluliselwe kubasebenzisi bokugcina.
Amaphuzu Okudingeka Ekuthumeleni Kwakho Obala:
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- Funa ukushicilelwa ngokushesha kohlaka olucacile, olujwayelekile lwelayisensi kanye nenkokhelo yamaphrojekthi okudlulisa azimele (ama-ITP) ukuze kugcwaliswe imali yangasese ukuze kwandiswe igridi.
- Kudingeka imithetho yokwabiwa kwegridi esobala, engabandlululi evimbela ukuqoqwa kwamandla okudlulisa ngamaphrojekthi angasebenzi.
- Gcizelela ukuthi izindleko zokuthumela kabusha kanye nokuphathwa kokuminyana okubangelwa ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi zithwalwe abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi kunokuba zidluliselwe kubathengi ngokulinganisa izindleko ezengeziwe.
Imibono: Iyini impikiswano?
Iphepha Lesimo Sokuguqulwa Kwemakethe Yomkhakha Kagesi elihlongozwayo limelela ukuhlelwa kabusha okubaluleke kakhulu kwendawo yamandla yaseNingizimu Afrika emashumini eminyaka. Emongweni walo, le nqubomgomo ibhekana nengxabano eyisisekelo: ukwethula ukuncintisana kwemakethe ekhululekile kanye nentela ebonakalisa izindleko ngokumelene nokuvikela ukusebenza kahle kwezezimali komasipala, ukutshalwa kwezimali zelanga ophahleni, kanye nabathengi abasengozini.
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- Ukuqeda Ukubusa Okuzimele Nokuvula Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Kwangasese:
Iminyaka eminingi yokulawula kwe-Eskom umthengi oyedwa yaholela ekuncipheni komthwalo okukhulu, ekusizeni izikweletu, kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha okuncishisiwe. Ukusungula iMakethe Kagesi Okuthengiswayo YaseNingizimu Afrika (i-SAWEM) kuvumela abakhiqizi bamandla avuselelekayo, abathuthukisi bamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nabahwebi ukuthi bancintisane ngqo, besebenzisa imali yangasese ukwakha amandla okukhiqiza ngaphandle kokuthwala abakhokhi bentela bezwe. - Ukutholwa Kwentengo Esobala Nokuncishiswa Kwezindleko Zesikhathi Eside:
Ukuhweba ngobuningi okuvulekile nokwangaphakathi kosuku kuphoqa abakhiqizi ukuba babhide ngezindleko zokuncintisana, ezingatheni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ndlela yemakethe isusa ukungasebenzi kahle kokusebenza, ijezise iziteshi zamandla ezingathembekile, futhi yehlise izindleko zikagesi eziyisisekelo zobuningi emnothweni wonke. - Ukwabiwa Kwezindleko Zesistimu Efanele (“Ukugibela Okungakhululekile”):
Igridi ebonakalayo idinga izigidigidi zamaRandi ezindleleni zokulungisa ezingaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusetshenziswa amandla angakanani. Abasekeli bathi abanikazi belanga ababoshwe ngegridi basathembele kugridi kazwelonke ukuze bathole amandla asebusuku kanye nokuzinza kwesistimu. Ukushintshela ezindleleni zokufaka amandla ezingaguquki eziphoqelekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindleko zenethiwekhi zabelwana ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe, kunokuba zixhaswe ngokungalingani yimindeni empofu engenazo izinhlelo zelanga. - Inkundla Yokudlala Esezingeni Eliphezulu Ngokuhlukanisa Inethiwekhi:
Ukuhlukanisa ngokomthetho iNational Transmission Company of South Africa (NTCSA) nokuphoqa izinkampani zokusabalalisa ukuthi zihlukanise “izintambo” ezibonakalayo ekuhwebeni ngogesi kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kwegridi okungabandlululi kuwo wonke umuntu. Abakhiqizi bakagesi abazimele ekugcineni bazoncintisana ngokulinganayo ne-Eskom Generation. - Ubuchwepheshe Bokwenza Ama-akhawunti Kagesi Kamasipala Asebenze Kahle:
Ukuphoqa omasipala ukuthi bahlukanise amabhizinisi abo okuhweba ngokuthengisa nokugcinwa kwenethiwekhi kudala ukubalwa kwezimali okusobala, kuvimbela omasipala ukuthi basebenzise izimali zokulungisa igridi ukuze bahlanganise ukushoda kokuphatha okungahlobene, futhi kusungula amamodeli entengo abonisa izindleko.
- Ukuqeda Ukubusa Okuzimele Nokuvula Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Kwangasese:
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- "Intela Yelanga" Ku-Private Capital kanye ne-Rooftop Solar:
Izigidi zemindeni namabhizinisi zitshale imali ezimele yonge imali elangeni nasemabhethrini ophahleni ukuze zigcine izibani zazo zikhanya lapho umbuso wehluleka ukwenza kanjalo. Ukufaka esikhundleni senkokhelo esuselwa ekusetshenzisweni kwemali ngezindleko zenethiwekhi eziqinile neziphezulu zanyanga zonke kuyajezisa izakhamuzi eziqaphela amandla, kwandise izikhathi zokukhokha ngelanga, futhi kuvimbele ukususwa kwe-carbonization ezimele. - "Ugibe Lokukhokha Imali Ethunjiwe" kanye Nokungakwazi Ukukhokha Imali Kamasipala:
Abasebenzisi abakhulu bezimboni nabezentengiselwano abadlula imingcele yesidingo (isb., i-1 MW) bazovunyelwa ukuphuma ekuhlinzekweni kukamasipala ukuze bathenge ugesi oshibhile noma ozimele. Lokhu kuphuca omasipala imali engenayo yezinkampani esezingeni eliphezulu esetshenziselwa ukuxhasa imindeni ehlwempu kanye nezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo, okushiya abakhokhi bentela bezindlu ababoshiwe bethwala amanani entengo endawo akhuphukayo kanye nokugcinwa kwegridi okonakele. - Ukuguquguquka Kwentengo Ethengiswa Ngobuningi kanye Nokuphathwa Kabi Kwemakethe:
I-Eskom Generation isalawula iningi lamandla okulayisha aseNingizimu Afrika angathunyelwa. Ezimakethe ezingaphandle ezihlanganisiwe emhlabeni jikelele, abahlinzeki abavelele baye babandakanyeka ekubambeni kwezomnotho noma ngokomzimba ukuze bandise amanani okuhlanza emakethe ngokwenziwa. Ngaphandle kwemikhawulo eqinile yebhidi kanye nokuqapha okunamandla, ukuguquguquka kwentengo ngobuningi kuzodluliselwa ngqo kubathengi bezitolo. - Ukungqubuzana Okukhulu Kwezintshisekelo Ngaphakathi kwe-NTCSA:
Ukuhlanganisa ubunikazi begridi yokudlulisa (TNSP), ukuthunyelwa kwesistimu (SO), ukuhlanzwa kwemakethe (MO), kanye nezinkontileka zesikhathi esidlule ze-state off-take (CPA) ngaphakathi kwenhlangano eyodwa ngaphansi kwe-Eskom Holdings kudala ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo kwesakhiwo. I-NTCSA ingabhekana nengcindezi yezentengiselwano yangaphakathi yokuthanda impahla ye-Eskom noma ukubambezela ukuxhumeka kwegridi yomuntu wesithathu. - Ukwethulwa Kwemakethe Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi Phakathi Kwesikweletu Sikamasipala Esingaxazululiwe:
Ukuvula imakethe ethuthukisiwe yokuthengiswa ngobuningi ngezijeziso zokungalingani okuphoqelekile ngo-2026/2027 ngenkathi isikweletu somasipala esiya ku-Eskom singakaxazululwa kusenesikhathi. Omasipala abanenkinga yezezimali abahluleka izidingo zesikweletu esihlakaniphile bazokhishwa ezinkundleni zokuhweba, okudala isizwe esihlukene samadolobha amakhulu ahlinzekwa kahle kanye nemikhandlu yasemakhaya ehlulekayo, eswele ugesi.
- "Intela Yelanga" Ku-Private Capital kanye ne-Rooftop Solar: