isifinyeto

Iphepha lesikhundla lisebenzisa uMthetho Wokuchitshiyelwa Komthetho Kagesi (i-ERAA) ka-2024 ngokuchaza ukwakheka kweMakethe Kagesi Ethengiswayo YaseNingizimu Afrika (i-SAWEM):

• • Ukuhlukanisa Imakethe:
    I-Eskom ihlukaniswa ibe yizinhlangano ezisebenza ngokungemthetho ezihlukene ze-Generation, Transmission (NTCSA), kanye ne-Distribution.
  • Imakethe Kagesi Ethengiswa Ngobuningi eNingizimu Afrika (i-SAWEM):
    Ipulatifomu yokuhweba yokuzithandela ephakathi nendawo ephethwe yi-Market Operator (MO) yokuhweba kwe-Day-Ahead kanye ne-Intra-Day, kanye nezinkontileka ezimbili ezixoxiswane ngasese kanye nendlela yokulinganisa yesikhathi sangempela ephoqelekile.
  • Ukusebenza Kokudlulisa Nohlelo:
    I-National Transmission Company of South Africa (NTCSA) isebenza njengoMhlinzeki Wezinsizakalo Zenethiwekhi Yokudlulisa Ozimele (TNSP), uMsebenzi Wesistimu (SO), uMsebenzi Wemakethe (MO), kanye ne-Central Purchasing Agency (CPA). Amaphrojekthi Okudlulisela Ozimele Azimele (ITPs) azokwethulwa ukuze kusheshiswe ukwanda kwegridi.
  • Ukuhlukaniswa Kokuthengisa vs. “Izintambo”:
    Amabhizinisi okusabalalisa kamasipala kanye nawakwa-Eskom azohlukaniswa abe amabhizinisi ahlukene anenethiwekhi elawulwayo (“izintambo”) kanye namabhizinisi okuthengisa/okuhweba anelayisensi.
  • Izigaba Zamakhasimende:
    Abasebenzisi bamandla amakhulu abadlula umkhawulo womthamo onqunyiwe (isb., 1 MW) baba “Amakhasimende Afanelekayo” akhululekile ukukhetha abahwebi abazimele noma ukuthenga ngobuningi, kuyilapho imindeni yokuhlala kanye namabhizinisi amancane ehlala “njengamakhasimende athunjiwe” ngaphansi kwentela kamasipala elawulwa yi-NERSA.
  • Ibhalansi Yomthwalo Wemfanelo Nezijeziso:
    Bonke abahlanganyeli (abakhiqizi, abahwebi, abathengi abafanelekayo) kumele babikezele futhi bahlele amandla ngokunembile, babhekane nesibopho sezimali esiqondile sokungalingani kwegridi.
  • Izikhathi:
    Ukwethulwa okulula kwemisebenzi yokuthengisa ngobuningi ngo-2026, kulandelwe ukuvulwa kwabahlanganyeli ngezigaba kusukela ngo-2027.

Izitatimende zakamuva zemboni kanye nemibiko yabezindaba ziqokomisa amaphuzu abalulekile okungqubuzana kwesistimu:

• • "Ugibe Lokukhokha Imali Abathunjiwe" kanye Nokuhlubuka Kumasipala:
    Omasipala bathembele kakhulu kugesi ongaphezulu ovela kubasebenzisi abakhulu bezentengiselwano ukuze baxhase imindeni ehlwempu kanye nezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo. Ukuvumela abasebenzisi abakhokha kakhulu ukuthi bathenge ugesi ngqo kubahwebi abazimele kuyingozi yokushiya izinhlangano zokusabalalisa zikamasipala zinezindlela zemali engenayo ebolekiwe kanye nemindeni eboshiwe.
  • Amandla Emakethe Nokubusa Kwe-Eskom:
    I-Eskom Generation isalawula iningi lamandla e-baseload. Abahlaziyi bezimboni baxwayisa ngokuthi ngaphandle komthetho oqinile wokubhida kanye nezinkontileka zokunikeza, i-Eskom ingasebenzisa amandla emakethe (ukugodla kwezomnotho noma ngokomzimba) noma iwe ngokwezimali.
  • Ukungqubuzana Kwezintshisekelo Eziningi Ze-NTCSA:
    |Ukuhlanganisa ubunikazi benethiwekhi, ukusebenza kwemakethe, ukuthunyelwa kwesistimu, kanye ne-Central Purchasing Agency (ebambe izinkontileka ze-IPP ezindala) ngaphansi kwe-NTCSA kudala ukungqubuzana kwesakhiwo kwezintshisekelo okungalimaza abakhiqizi bamandla abazimele kanye nabahwebi abazimele.
  • Isigaba esithi “Anti-Free-Riding” kanye Nezindleko Zokuchezuka Kwegridi:
    Leli phepha lihlose ngokusobala abasebenzisi abangaphandle kwegridi kanye nabasebenzisi abasebenzisa amandla elanga ngokwengxenye ngokubeka phambili izindleko zenethiwekhi yomthamo ozinzile kunezindleko zokusebenzisa ivolumu ukuze kubuyiswe izindleko zegridi ezicwile, okungenzeka kube yicala lokukhiqizwa okuhlanganisiwe kwangasese.
  • Ukulungela Imakethe Nokulinganisela Izijeziso:
    Ubuholi be-Eskom kanye nabahlanganyeli bemakethe baxwayise ngokuthi ukuqaliswa kwe-Eskom kusenesikhathi ngaphandle kwezinhlaka eziqinile zengozi yesikweletu, izinhlelo zokuxazulula izinkinga zezimali, kanye nezixazululo zezikweletu zikamasipala kungabangela ukugcwala kwemakethe noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu.

Iphepha lesikhundla lichaza ngokusobala imindeni yelanga eboshwe ngegridi ngaphansi kwesimiso sayo "sokulwa nokugibela mahhala" (Isigaba 1.2.2). Ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzisi belanga basebenzisa amahora ama-kilowatt ambalwa kusuka kugridi ngenkathi besathembele kuyo ebusuku noma ngesikhathi sezulu esinamafu, inqubomgomo ithi abakhokhi isabelo sabo esifanele sezindleko zengqalasizinda ezihleliwe. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, uhlaka luyalela ukushintsha ekukhokhisweni kokusetshenziswa kweyunithi ngayinye kuye kumthamo ophakeme wenyanga ohleliwe kanye nezindleko zenethiwekhi kubo bonke abasebenzisi abaxhunywe kugridi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi badonsa ugesi ongakanani ngempela.

Esikhathini eside, ukukhiqiza okuncintisanayo kufanele kwehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esimaphakathi, imindeni evamile yokuhlala ibhekene nezingcindezi ezimbili zamanani:

• • Izindleko Zenethiwekhi Ezingahlanganisiwe: Izindleko zokulungisa ezingaguquki zemigqa yokudlulisa kanye neziteshi ezincane zasendaweni zizokhokhiswa ngokwehlukana namandla uqobo.
  • Ukulahlekelwa Yizibonelelo Zezentengiselwano:
    Uma amakhasimende amakhulu ezinkampani eshiya ugesi kamasipala ukuze ayothenga ugesi oshibhile ngqo kubahwebi abazimele, omasipala balahlekelwa umfudlana wabo wemali engenayo ophakeme kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuthi izakhiwo zokusabalalisa zendawo zilungiswe kabusha, omasipala bangase bandise intela kubasebenzisi bezindlu ababoshiwe ukuze balinganisele isabelomali sabo.

Emakethe evulekile yokuthengiswa ngobuningi, abadlali abaphambili bangakhuphula amanani ngokwengqondo ngokubamba ugesi ngokwezomnotho (ukubhida ugesi emakethe yangosuku olulandelayo ngamanani akhushulwe ngokwenziwa) noma ukubamba ngokomzimba (ukubamba ngamabomu amandla okukhiqiza ukuze kudalwe ukushoda kokwenziwa). Ngenxa yokuthi i-Eskom Generation izoqhubeka nokulawula ingxenye enkulu yamandla okulayisha ugesi eNingizimu Afrika iminyaka eminingi, leli phepha liphakamisa:

• • I-Market Surveillance Unit (MSU) ezinikele ukuqapha ukuhweba ngokuziphatha okuhlangene.
  • Izinkontileka Zokuthengisa: Izinkontileka zesikhashana zeminyaka eminingi ezivala amanani ayisisekelo aqinile phakathi kwe-Eskom nabasabalalisi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka kwemakethe eminyakeni yokuqala.
  • Umthetho Wokubhida we-NERSA: Amandla okulawula aqondile avumela i-NERSA kanye neKhomishini Yokuncintisana ukuthi banciphise noma bahlole izicelo ze-Eskom Generation epulatifomu yemakethe.

Cha . Iphepha lesikhundla ligcina umehluko oqinile phakathi “kwamakhasimende afanelekayo” kanye “namakhasimende athunjiwe”. Abathengi abakhulu bezimboni nabezentengiselwano kuphela abadlula umkhawulo onqunyiwe (isb., isidingo esingu-1 MW) bazovunyelwa ekuqaleni ukuthenga izinto ezahlukene futhi benze izivumelwano nabathengisi bakagesi abazimele noma bathenge emakethe ephakathi. Yonke imizi yokuhlala kanye nezinhlangano ezincane zezentengiselwano zihlala zingamakhasimende athunjiwe omasipala wabo wendawo noma abathengisi bokusatshalaliswa kwe-Eskom ngaphansi kwentela elawulwayo.

Hhayi ngqo epulatifomu yokuhweba ngokuthengisa ngobuningi ngosuku oluzayo. Imakethe yokuthengisa ngobuningi izophoqelela imingcele yamandla amancane (njenge-1 MW) kanye nezidingo eziqinile zokulinganisela nokuqondanisa. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngelanga kuzoqhubeka nokuthembela ezinhlelweni zokungenisa intela zomasipala bendawo ze-Small-Scale Embedded Generation (SSEG), ezizofaka isandla kuphothifoliyo yomsabalalisi wendawo kunokuxazulula ngqo imakethe yokuthengisa ngobuningi.

Ngaphansi kwe-SAWEM, wonke umkhiqizi, umhwebi, kanye nomthengi kamasipala unesibopho ngokomthetho nangokwezimali sokulinganisa amandla abahlele ukuwaletha noma ukuwasebenzisa ngokuqhathanisa nalokho okukhiqizwayo nokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma umsabalalisi kamasipala noma umhwebi ozimele engabikezeli kahle edinga noma ehlangabezana nokuphambuka okungahleliwe, ubhekene nezijeziso ezinkulu zokungalingani ezixazululwa ngendlela yokulinganisa ye-Market Operator. Uma abasabalalisi bakamasipala bengaphathi kahle ukuhlela kwabo, lezi zijeziso zokulinganisela ngokwezimali zingadluliselwa ezinteleni zabathengi.

Iphepha lesikhundla liyavuma ukuthi abasabalalisi abaningi bakamasipala abanamali futhi abakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokuqapha (ukufaneleka kwesikweletu) ezidingekayo ukuze kuhwebelanwe ngeplatifomu yokuthengiswa kwempahla ethengiswayo ehlanganisiwe. Umbuso uphakamisa ukudala izindlela eziphakathi ezivumela omasipala abangafaneleki ukuthola ugesi ngenkathi behlukanisa ibhizinisi labo lokuthengisa ezitolo kuma-akhawunti okulungisa inethiwekhi. Kodwa-ke, abagxeki bathi ngaphandle kokuxazulula isikweletu sikamasipala esidlule esikweletwa i-Eskom, ukwethula imakethe evulekile yokuthengisa ethengiswayo kuyingozi yokudala uhlelo olunezigaba ezimbili lapho amadolobha aphethwe kahle echuma khona kuyilapho omasipala ababhekene nobunzima bezikweletu bebhekene nokwehluleka kwezinsizakalo okubi kakhulu.