Uyini uhulumeni wasekhaya?
Sibonga u I-Civics Academy ukuze uthole amavidiyo nolwazi.
Uhulumeni wasekhaya ungomunye wemikhakha emithathu kahulumeni ngokubambisana nezifundazwe kanye nezikazwelonke. Uhulumeni wasekhaya wakhiwe omasipala, abaletha izinsiza eziningi abantu abazisebenzisayo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. UMthethosisekelo uhlinzekela izigaba ezintathu zomasipala okungukuthi omasipala basemadolobheni amakhulu, bezifunda kanye nomasipala basekhaya. ENingizimu Afrika kunomasipala abangama-278, okuhlanganisa amadolobha amakhulu ayi-8, izifunda ezingama-44 kanye nomasipala basekhaya abangama-226.
UMthethosisekelo ubeka ngokucacile umsebenzi wezinga ngalinye likahulumeni oHlelweni 4 no-5. Imisebenzi yoHulumeni Bezindawo ihlelwe eNgxenyeni B yeSheduli ngayinye. Zontathu lezi zinhlaka kumele zixhumanise imizamo yazo. Uhulumeni kazwelonke nowesifundazwe babelana ngomsebenzi wemisebenzi esohlwini lweSheduli yesi-4 ngokwesibonelo embuthweni wamaphoyisa nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele. Uhulumeni wesifundazwe unomthwalo wemfanelo kuphela wemisebenzi esohlwini lweSheduli yesi-5 ngokwesibonelo imisebenzi yama-ambulensi nemigwaqo yesifundazwe. Umbutho wezokuvikela kanye nemfundo yasenyuvesi ngokwesibonelo kuwumsebenzi kahulumeni kazwelonke kuphela.
Ukuphatha ngokubambisana
Yomithathu imikhakha yabelana ngamakhono nemisebenzi, kweminye imisebenzi isibonelo “izindlu”. “Izindlu” zikleliswe njengomthwalo ohlanganyelwe phakathi kukahulumeni kazwelonke nowesifundazwe. “Izinsizakalo zamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle” zikleliswe njengomsebenzi kahulumeni wasekhaya kodwa ziyingxenye yokuqaliswa kwezindlu. Ugesi, ukuthuthwa kukadoti, amapaki nezokungcebeleka kanye nezindawo zomphakathi ngezinye zezinsiza okumele zilethwe nguhulumeni wasekhaya.
Omasipala balawula ngemikhandlu yasekhaya ekhethwa ngesikhathi sokhetho lohulumeni basekhaya. Umsebenzi wabo wenziwa ngabaphathi bakamasipala. Umphakathi unelungelo kanye nomsebenzi wokubamba iqhaza ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zikamasipala ngokusebenzisa amakomidi ezigceme, imihlangano yokubamba iqhaza komphakathi, ukwethulwa kwezethulo neziphakamiso kanye nokuxhumana ngqo namakhansela.
Bayini Omasipala Futhi Bakhiwe Kanjani?
Omasipala yizindawo ezichazwe yiBhodi Lokuklama Imingcele Kamasipala. UNgqongqoshe woHulumeni baseKhaya esifundazweni usungula omasipala abaphethwe ngemikhandlu yomasipala.
Kunezigaba ezi-3 zomasipala baseNingizimu Afrika, okuyidolobha elikhulu, isifunda, kanye nasekhaya. Omasipala bamadolobha amakhulu noma ama-metro akhona emadolobheni amakhulu ayi-8. Izindawo ezingaphandle kwama-metro zihlukaniswe ngomasipala bendawo. Omasipala bezifunda bakhiwe ngomasipala abaningi bendawo abawela esifundeni esisodwa. Ngaphandle komasipala bezifunda, bonke omasipala bahlukene ngamawadi.
Balawulwa Kanjani Omasipala?
Amakhansela kamasipala akhethwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu ngesikhathi sokhetho lohulumeni basekhaya. Abavoti abaningi bavotela kanye iqembu lezepolitiki ngokwesisekelo sokumeleleka ngokulinganayo futhi kanye umuntu oyedwa ewadini yabo. Emikhandlwini yasekhaya nasemadolobheni amakhulu, abamele amaqembu bakha u-50% wamakhansela - omunye u-50% ngamakhansela ezigceme akhethwe ngokuqondile. Komasipala bendawo umvoti ngamunye ubuye avotela iqembu elizobamela emkhandlwini wesifunda. Ama-40% ezihlalo zomkhandlu wesifunda anikezwa amaqembu ngokwesisekelo sevoti lokumelwa ngokulinganayo. U-60% wezihlalo wabelwe imikhandlu yendawo kuleyo ndawo yesifunda.
Imikhandlu kamasipala ivotela usomlomo, osebenzisa imithetho yokuhleleka. Imikhandlu kamasipala iphinde iqoke imeya nephini layo eliqoka amalungu omkhandlu abumba ikomidi lemeya. Ezinye izinqumo zomkhandlu kumele zenziwe ngokweningi kanti ezinye zithathwa yiKomidi leMeya. Umkhandlu kamasipala ungaphinde udlulisele izindaba eKomidini leMeya ukuze kusheshiswe izinqumo. IMeya ingakwazi futhi ukuzithathela izinqumo ezithile. Umphakathi unelungelo lokubamba iqhaza ezinqumweni.
Ziyini Izinkonzo zikaMasipala?
UMthethosisekelo ubeka ngokucacile imisebenzi yezinga ngalinye likahulumeni kuSheduli yesi-5 kanye nelesi-6. Ingxenye B yalezi Sheduli icacisa ngezinsizakalo okufanele zihlinzekwe nguhulumeni wasekhaya kubandakanya, isibonelo, ugesi, amanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle kanye nemigwaqo. Eminye imisebenzi “yabiwa” okusho ukuthi izinhlaka ezahlukene zikahulumeni kumele zibambisane ukuze zilethwe.
Omasipala bayehluka kakhulu okusho ukuthi amandla abo okwenza imali kanye nezindleko abahlangabezana nazo nazo ziyehluka. Bonke omasipala kufanele benze imali yabo ngezibonelelo, izikweletu kanye nezindleko zabasebenzisi.
Ixhaswa Kanjani Izinsiza Zikamasipala?
Omasipala bathola izibonelelo ezinteleni eziqoqwa nguhulumeni kazwelonke. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezibonelelo, okuyisibonelelo sikamasipala se-Equitable Share Grant kanye ne-Municipal Infrastructure Grant. Uxhaso lwe-Equitable Share lusetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izinsiza eziyisisekelo kubantu abaholo labo lingaphansi komkhawulo othile. Uxhaso Lwengqalasizinda Kamasipala lusiza ukukhokhela izindleko zokwakha izinsiza eziyisisekelo zengqalasizinda. Omasipala bavame ukuboleka imali eqolo okufanele bayikhokhe nenzalo etholwa yizintela nezindleko. Omasipala, ngaphandle koMasipala Bezifunda, nabo bakhokhisa intela ezakhiweni ezifana nezindlu namabhizinisi ngokusekelwe emananini abo okubavumela ukuba baxhase izindleko zezinsizakalo. Omasipala baphinde baqoqe izimali zokusebenzisa izinsiza ezifana nogesi, ukuqoqwa kukadoti namanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle.
Izinsiza zisetshenziselwa ukuhlela, ukwakha, ukuqhuba kanye nokugcina izinsiza ezihlinzekwayo. Uma abasebenzisi abangafanelekeli ukuthola izinsiza zamahhala bengabakhokheli, omasipala abanazo izinsiza zokuqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngamasevisi.
Yini engingayilindela kuMasipala Wami?
Isigaba 152 soMthethosisekelo sibeka imikhakha emihlanu yoMasipala:
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- Ukuhlinzeka ngohulumeni wentando yeningi futhi oziphendulela.
- Nikeza izinsiza ngendlela esimeme.
- Khuthaza intuthuko yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho.
- Thuthukisa indawo ephephile nenempilo.
- Khuthaza ukuzibandakanya kwemiphakathi.
NgokoMthetho Wezinhlelo Zomasipala, insizakalo eyisisekelo yileyo eqinisekisa izinga lempilo elamukelekayo nelinengqondo mayelana namanzi, indle, ukuthuthwa kukadoti, ukulawulwa kwemigwaqo kanye nezikhukhula, ugesi, izindlu kanye nokucisha umlilo.
Imikhawulo yokulethwa komasipala
Ukulethwa kwezinsiza kunqunyelwe lapho uhulumeni kazwelonke noma wesifundazwe edlulisela imisebenzi yakhe ezinhlakeni zasekhaya “ngemisebenzi engaxhaswanga”. Eminye imikhawulo ibandakanya ukushoda kwemali engenayo ngenxa yokungakhokhi kwabasebenzisi besevisi, izibonelelo zikahulumeni zincane kakhulu kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwezimali. Ezinye izici zihlanganisa ukuntuleka komhlaba ofanelekayo, ukubambisana okubi phakathi kwezinhlaka zikahulumeni noma ukuba sendaweni eqhelile. Izimo ezingokoqobo zinganciphisa ukulethwa kwezinsizakalo.